![]() The data for copernicium is based on relativistic density-functional theory simulations. The table below is a summary of the key physical properties of the group 12 elements. It is the only common liquid metal at ordinary temperatures, and as compared to other metals, it is a poor conductor of heat, but a fair conductor of electricity. Mercury is a liquid, heavy, silvery-white metal. Cadmium is soft, malleable, ductile, and with a bluish-white color. Zinc is also referred to in nonscientific contexts as spelter. Zinc is bluish-white and lustrous, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. ![]() They have the lowest melting points among all transition metals. ![]() The group 12 elements are all soft, diamagnetic, divalent metals. Like other groups of the periodic table, the members of group 12 show patterns in its electron configuration, especially the outermost shells, which result in trends in their chemical behavior: As copernicium does not occur in nature, it has to be synthesized in the laboratory. While zinc is very important in the biochemistry of living organisms, cadmium and mercury are both highly toxic. Mercury is the only metal that is known to be a liquid at room temperature – as copernicium's boiling point has not yet been measured accurately enough, it is not yet known whether it is a liquid or a gas under standard conditions. The first two members of the group share similar properties as they are solid metals under standard conditions. They are all widely used in electric and electronic applications, as well as in various alloys. The three group 12 elements that occur naturally are zinc, cadmium and mercury. Formerly this group was named IIB (pronounced as "group two B", as the "II" is a Roman numeral) by CAS and old IUPAC system. It includes zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and copernicium (Cn). Group 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table.
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